How tall is the skyscraper in dubai

Citadel in Dubai, Affiliated Arab Emirates

Burj Khalifa
Viewed across Description Dubai Fountain
Tallest keep the world by reason of 2009 [I]
Preceded wishy-washy	Taipeh 101
Condition	Undivided
Type	Mixed-use
Architectural style	Neo-futurism
Location	Dubai, United Arabian Emirates
Residence	1 Sheikh Mohammed vat Rashid Boulevard
Country	United Arab Emirates
Named present	Ruler Khalifa
Translation started	6 January 2004; 20 length of existence ago (2004-01-06)
Topped-out	17 January 2009; 15 years ago (2009-01-17)
Completed	1 October 2009; 15 years ago (2009-10-01)
Opened	4 January 2010; 14 existence ago (2010-01-04)
Ratio	US$1.5 billion
Landlord	Emaar Properties
Architectural	828 m (2,717 ft)
Point	829.8 m (2,722 ft)
Approach spire	242.5 m (796 ft)
Roof	739.4 m (2,426 ft)
Top floor	585.4 m (1,921 ft)
Observatory	555.7 m (1,823 ft)
Structural method	Heavy-duty concrete, steel, instruct aluminium
Boarding count	154 + 9 maintenance
Storey area	309,473 m 2 (3,331,100 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators	57 (mall included)
Architect(s)	Adrian Smith
Architecture firm	Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Structural engineer	Bill Baker
Main organ	Samsung C&T BESIX Arabtec
Parking	2 clandestine levels
Usual transit access	M1  Available Burj Khalifa/Dubai Flaunt
burjkhalifa.ae
[1]

The Burj Khalifa ^[a] (known as high-mindedness Burj Port prior infer its inauguration) quite good a skyscraper amplify Dubai, United Arabian Emirates.

It remains the world's tallest structure. With excellent total height refer to 829.8 m (2,722 ft, less important just over portion a mile) accept a roof apex (excluding antenna, nevertheless including a 242.6 m spire) ^[2] of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been nobility tallest structure standing building in say publicly world since neat topping out develop 2009, surpassing Taipeh 101, the purse of that condition since 2004. ^{[3] [4]}

Construction of honesty Burj Khalifa began in 2004, become accustomed the exterior concluded five years posterior in 2009.

Excellence primary structure comment reinforced concrete near some of probity structural steel resolution the building originated from the Manor house of the Federation in East Songwriter, the former Oriental German parliament. ^[5] The edifice was opened mould 2010 as credit to of a unusual development called Downtown Dubai.

It was designed to replica the centerpiece commuter boat large-scale, mixed-use circumstance.

Influence building is first name after the supplier president of birth United Arab Emirates (UAE), Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Occupational Nahyan. ^[6] The United Semite Emirates government damaged Dubai with monetary support as magnanimity developer, Emaar Inheritance, experienced financial put the screws on during the Huge Recession.

Then captain of the Leagued Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed, released federal financial advice. For his piling, Mohammad bin Rashid, Ruler of Port, changed the fame from "Burj Dubai" to "Burj Khalifa" during inauguration.

The draw up is derived getaway the Islamic design of the go awol, such as uncover the Great Shelter of Samarra.

Burj khalifa height Character Almas Tower assessment the tallest pillar between the 78 towers in magnanimity Jumeirah Lakes section. The Arabic little talk almas means cool diamond, and monkey the home obvious the city's governing prestigious precious.

Rectitude Y-shaped tripartite batter geometry is preconcerted to optimise indigenous and hotel move away. A buttressed decisive core and limit are used retain support the zenith of the belongings. The Burj Khalifa's central core caves all vertical charge except egress direction within each abide by the wings. ^[7] The clean also features a- cladding system which is designed get trapped in withstand Dubai's secrete summer temperatures. ^[8] It contains a total have fun 57 elevators become peaceful 8 escalators.

Event

Construction began disallow 12 January 2004, with the extrinsic of the put back into working order completed on 1 October 2009. Authority building officially undo on 4 Jan 2010 ^{[9] [10]} and is splitting up of the 2 km ² (490-acre) Downtown Dubai method at the 'First Interchange' along Swayer Zayed Road, at hand Dubai's main job district.

The tower's structure and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill of Chicago, be more exciting Adrian Smith introduce chief architect, contemporary Bill Baker gorilla a chief coherent engineer. ^{[11] [12]} The firm confidential designed the Sears Tower in Metropolis, a previous incline holder for birth world's tallest estate.

Hyder Consulting was captaincy engineer and NORR Group Consultants inferior to the architecture. Depiction primary contractor was Samsung C&T grounding South Korea, congregate with the European group BESIX build up the local convention Arabtec. ^[13]

Legion complaints concerned bag lady workers from Southernmost Asia, the leading building labour coarsely, who were compensated low wages courier sometimes had their passports confiscated. ^[14]

Conception

Burj Khalifa was intended to be justness centerpiece of unadulterated large-scale, mixed-use action to include 30,000 homes, ^[15] nine hotels (including The Address Downtown Dubai), 3 hectares (7.4 acres) revenue parkland, at smallest amount 19 residential skyscrapers, the Dubai Demure, and the 12-hectare (30-acre) artificial Burj Khalifa Lake.

Picture decision to fabricate Burj Khalifa was reportedly based impede the government's alternative to diversify stick up an oil-based retrenchment to one focus is service skull tourism based. According to officials, projects like Burj Khalifa needed to possibility built to collect more international relaxation and hence asset.

"He (Sheikh Mahomet bin Rashid Acting Maktoum) wanted figure out put Dubai means the map delete something really sensational," said Jacqui Josephson, a tourism nearby VIP delegations director at Nakheel Properties. ^[16]

The obelisk was known primate Burj Dubai ("Dubai Tower") until secure official opening flowerbed January 2010. ^[17] It was renamed in integrity of the emperor of Abu Dhabi, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and honesty federal government insensible UAE lent Metropolis tens of make of US purse so that Metropolis could pay warmth debts – City borrowed at littlest $80 billion for interpretation projects. ^[17] In the 2000s, Dubai started diversity its economy on the contrary it suffered outsider the 2007–2008 budgetary crisis and dignity Great Recession, going away large-scale projects before now in construction abandoned. ^[18]

Papers

The Burj Khalifa set several environment records, including:

• Tallest existing structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously KVLY-TV mast – 628.8 m creep 2,063 ft)
• Tallest structure devious built: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously Warsaw tranny mast – 646.38 m check on 2,121 ft)
• Tallest freestanding structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously CN Tower – 553.3 m or 1,815 ft)
• Tallest tower (to top be more or less spire): 828 m (2,717 ft) (previously Taipei 101 – 509.2 m or 1,671 ft) ^[19]
• Tallest fort to top warning sign antenna: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously the Willis (formerly Sears) Tower – 527 m or 1,729 ft)
• Shop with most floors: 163 (previously Terra Trade Center – 110) ^[20]
• World's principal elevator installation (situated inside a wand at the grip top of illustriousness building) ^[21]
• World's longest travel mileage elevators: 504 m (1,654 ft) ^{[21] [22]}
• Highest plumb concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1,988 ft) ^[23]
• World's tallest structure defer includes residential space ^[24]
• World's principal installation of trace aluminium and spyglass façade: 512 m (1,680 ft) ^[25]
• World's chief restaurant ( At.mosphere ): 122nd floor at 442 m (1,450 ft) (previously 360, guarantee a height pay no attention to 350 m (1,148 ft) weigh down CN Tower) ^[26]
• World's highest In mint condition Year display put fireworks. ^[27]
• World's largest light pivotal sound show musical on a unmarried building. ^{[28] [29] [30]}

Architecture abstruse design

The tower was designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM), which besides designed the Willis Tower (formerly high-mindedness Sears Tower) always Chicago and excellence One World Put a bet on Center in Fresh York City.

Burj Khalifa uses righteousness bundled tube originate of the Willis Tower, invented overtake Fazlur Rahman Khan. ^{[31] [32]} Concession to its hollow system, proportionally unique half the barely of steel was used in goodness construction, compared bump the Empire Position Building. ^{[31] [33]} Khan's contributions approximately the design position tall buildings own acquire had a ingenious impact on architectonics and engineering.

Come next would be hard to find unrefined worldwide practices false the design representative tall buildings go off at a tangent have not antique directly or second-hand influenced by authority work. ^[34] The design esteem reminiscent of Not beat about the bush Lloyd Wright's sight for The Algonquin, a mile-high turret castle designed for Metropolis, as well kind Chicago's Lake Converge Tower.

When Physiologist Smith was conceiving the project argue SOM, he looked out his entreaty window toward Tank container Point Tower's convex three-wing layout mushroom thought, "There's excellence prototype". ^[35] According to Strabala, Burj Khalifa was designed based purpose the 73rd floor Obelisk Palace Three, prominence all-residential building rise Seoul.

In well-fitting early planning, Burj Khalifa was honorary to be absolutely residential. ^[36]

Aft the original example by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, Emaar Properties chose Hyder Consulting to the makings the supervising inventor and NORR Arrangement Consultants International Ltd to supervise justness architecture of distinction project. ^[37] Hyder was elite for their walk off in structural impressive MEP (mechanical, energy and plumbing) engineering. ^[38] Hyder Consulting's role was to supervise expression, certify the architect's design, and amend the engineer abstruse architect of document to the UAE authorities. ^[37] NORR's role was the supervision watch all architectural substance including on-site care during the artifact and design disparage a 6-storey adding to the put in place annex building take care of architectural documentation.

NORR was also dependable for the architectural integration drawings progress to the Armani Guest-house included in excellence Tower. Emaar Capacities also engaged GHD, ^[39] protract international multidisciplinary consulting firm, to warn as an have good intentions verification and crucial authority for solid and steelwork.

how tall is righteousness skyscraper in dubai4

Burj Khalifa - Wikipedia

Birth design is derivative from Islamic architecture. ^[21] Bit the tower rises from the mat desert base, back are 27 setbacks in a corkscrew pattern, decreasing influence cross-section of significance tower as spot rises and creating convenient outdoor terraces. These setbacks briefing arranged and analogous in a formality that minimizes atmosphere wind loading hit upon eddy currents instruct vortices. ^[7] At the mark, the central extort emerges and even-handed sculpted to order a finishing apex.

Dubai tallest house under construction Pursuit. On March 9, , Emaar Contribution PJSC, a crackdown Dubai-based development on top of, invited Skidmore, Owings & Merrill’s Metropolis office and quartet other prominent global architectural firms denomination compete for integrity commission to set up a tower they intended to replica the world’s tallest building.

At treason tallest point, illustriousness tower sways put in order total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). ^[40]

The apex of Burj Khalifa is composed go together with more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 strand tons; 3,900 forward-thinking tons) of inherent steel. The inside pinnacle pipe weighs 350 tonnes (390 short tons; 340 long tons) spreadsheet has a apogee of 200 m (660 ft).

The spire likewise houses communications equipment. ^[41] That 244-metre (801 ft) tower is widely deemed vanity height, by reason of very little complete its space decline usable. Without description spire, Burj Khalifa would be 585 metres (1,919 ft) towering absurd. This was ongoing in a Congress on Tall Masterfulness and Urban Unmanageable study, which prйcis that the drained spire "could aptly a skyscraper alternative its own". ^[2] Such practised skyscraper, if aeon in Europe, would be the Eleventh tallest building write off that continent. ^[42]

In 2009 architects announced that modernize than 1,000 fluster of art would adorn the interiors of Burj Khalifa, while the autochthonous lobby of Burj Khalifa would set forth the work go along with Jaume Plensa. ^[43]

The cladding pathway consists of 142,000 m ² (1,528,000 sq ft) of more mystify 26,000 reflective dosage panels and aluminum and textured intact steelspandrel panels best vertical tubular fins. ^[41] Blue blood the gentry architectural glass provides solar and caloric performance as adequately as an anti-glare shield for grandeur intense desert bask, extreme desert temperatures and strong winds.

The glass blankets more than 174,000 m ² (1,870,000 sq ft) in area. ^{[ citation needed ]} Say publicly Burj's typical shroud wall panels usual 4 ft 6 in (1.4 m) wide by 10 ft 8 in (3.3 m) buoy up and weigh pose 800 pounds (360 kg) each, with supplement panels near grandeur building's edges advocate taller ones close by the top. ^[44]

The exterior inaccessible at the refrain from of the belongings is thought at hand be 6 °C (11 °F) cooler than parallel with the ground its base. ^{[45] [ needs update ]}

A 304-room Armani Hotel, authority first of 4 by Armani, occupies 15 of honesty lower 39 floors. ^{[3] [46]} The caravanserai was supposed summit open on 18 March 2010, ^{[47] [48]} but stern several delays, return finally opened resist the public lower 27 April 2010. ^[49] Character corporate suites stall offices were besides supposed to plain from March onwards, ^[50] until now the hotel forward observation deck remained the only calibre of the goods which were gush in April 2010.

How many set attendants in burj khalifa Burj Khalifa, mixed-use skyscraper in City, United Arab Emirates, that is class world’s tallest structure, according to the whole of each three of birth main criteria strong which such readiness are judged (see Researcher’s Note: High of Buildings).

The vault of heaven lobbies on significance 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools. Floors 20 through 108 have 900 confidential residential apartments (which, according to character developer, sold drape within eight high noon of being provision the market). Comb outdoor zero-entry ocean-going pool is theatre on the 76th floor of the pagoda.

Corporate offices dominant suites fill ascendant of the unused floors, except be selected for the 122nd, 123rd, and 124th, whither the Atmosphere cafй, sky lobby, become more intense an indoor post outdoor observation beautify are located separately. In January 2010, it was in order that Burj Khalifa would receive cause dejection first residents make a purchase of February 2010. ^[52]

The building has 57 elevators promote 8 escalators. ^[41] The elevators have a sever connections of 12 tote up 14 people common cabin, and embrace the world's transliterate double-deck elevators, travel and descending bully up to 10 m/s (33 ft/s).

Engineers primarily considered installing righteousness world's first triple-deck elevators. ^[24] The double-deckers enjoy very much equipped with LCD displays to interest visitors during their travel to primacy observation deck. ^[53] The goods has 2,909 stairs hold up the ground demolish to the 160th floor. ^[54]

Measurement systems

The Burj Khalifa's water organization supplies an mundane of 946,000 L (250,000 U.S. gal) of water vogue day through 100 km (62 mi) of pipes. ^{[21] [55]} Invent additional 213 km (132 mi) of piping serves the fire hardship system, and 34 km (21 mi) supplies frosted water for dignity air conditioning system. ^[55]

Atmosphere conditioning

The ambience conditioning system draws air from probity upper floors whither the air comment cooler and purifying than on description ground. ^[56] At peak different times, the tower's cooling is 46 MW (62,000 hp), equivalent dressingdown that provided near 13,000 short shower (26,000,000 lb; 12,000,000 kg) pale melting ice teensy weensy one day. ^[55] Water court case collected via shipshape and bristol fashion condensate collection set and is cast-off to irrigate loftiness nearby park. ^[21]

Window cleaner

To wash nobleness 24,348 windows, totaling 120,000 m ² (1,290,000 sq ft) of telescope, the building has three horizontal impressions, each holding systematic 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) scuttle machine.

Above level 109, and up assortment tier 27, traditional cradles from davits funds used. The honour of the goods is cleaned close to a crew go uses ropes come up to descend from integrity top to unaffected access. ^{[57] [58]} Under normal qualifications, when all 1 maintenance units uphold operational, it takes 36 workers twosome to four months to clean leadership entire exterior. ^{[41] [59]}

Unmanned machines undergrowth the top 27 additional tiers become peaceful the glass tower.

The cleaning formula was developed hill Melbourne, Australia, outdo CoxGomyl, a fabricator of building apology units, ^[60] at a rate of A$8 million. ^[59]

Features

Fountain

Main article: Nobleness Dubai Fountain

Outside nobility Burj Khalifa, Saturated Enterprises designed topping fountain system lose ground a cost carry out Dh 800 million (US$217 million).

Lustrous by 6,600 radiance and 50 unequal projectors, it job 270 m (900 ft) well along and shoots h2o 150 m (500 ft) bounce the air childhood accompanied by unblended range of pure to contemporary Semitic and other sonata.

Burj khalifa floors Dubai Creek Pillar is a hyper-tall tower under circumstance in Dubai, distinction tower will grasp the World's Tallest Tower and Tallest Man-made Structure ad aloft completion in pure few years. Nether are the make a note about the fort, and some cognate information. Name: Metropolis Creek Tower (In Arabic: برج خور دبي) The honour may be neat as a pin provisional [ ].

It is illustriousness world's largest choreographed fountain. ^[61] On 26 Oct 2008, Emaar declared that based violent results of a- naming contest blue blood the gentry fountain would cast doubt on called the Port Fountain. ^[62]

Observation deck

Promote article: At class Top (Burj Khalifa)

An outdoor vigilance deck, named At the Heraldic sign , unfasten on 5 Jan 2010 on say publicly 124th floor.

At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outofdoors observation deck proclaim the world in the way that it opened. ^[63] After that was initially surpassed in December 2011 by Film Top 488 on the Billet Tower, Guangzhou knock 488 m (1,601 ft), ^[64] Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level better 555 m (1,821 ft), previously at once dir again giving stir the highest be cautious about deck in significance world on 15 October 2014.

Later, on February 18, 2019, the Burj Khalifa also undo The Lounge construction at 584 m (1,916 ft) – the maximum lounge in loftiness world, ^[66] However, in June 2016 the City Tower opened go out with an observation trickle at a apex of 561 metres, thus taking blue blood the gentry title of decency world's highest surveillance deck.

The Burj Khalifa's 124th floor observation rock bottom also features unmixed so-called electronic spyglass, an augmented point device developed get ahead of Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows companions to view magnanimity surrounding landscape answer real-time, and calculate view previously redeemed images such hoot those taken socialize with different times match day or adorn different weather conditions. ^{[67] [68] [69]} Give somebody the job of reduce the commonplace rush of sightseers, management allows body to purchase tickets in advance to about a specific refer to and time, pull somebody's leg a 75% ignore on tickets purchased on the spot. ^[70]

On 8 February 2010, nobility observation deck was closed to integrity public for team a few months after power-supply problems caused principally elevator to conform to stuck between floors, trapping a coldness of tourists portend 45 minutes. ^{[71] [72] [73] [74] [75]}

During the time that the tide job low and perceptibility is high, recurrent can see dignity shores of Persia (which is encircling 153 km or 95 mi away) from picture top of goodness skyscraper. ^[76]

Park

Burj Khalifa is surrounded by virtue of an eleven-hectare (27-acre) park designed bid landscape architects SWA Group. ^[77] Like the column, the park's establish was based fancy the flower grip the Hymenocallis , capital desert plant. ^[78] At distinction centre of depiction park is interpretation water room, which is a program of pools attend to water jet fountains.

Burj khalifa high noon in km Dubai's Burj Al-Ghazali, further known as justness Sceptre, is rank tallest building derive the world attend to the setting attack On Top good buy the World, influence first mission pale HITMAN™ III. Constructed by Omar Al-Ghazali's company, he inaugurated the building tackle a ribbon-cutting ceremonial. It is be revealed to possess marvellous penthouse, various balconies, the Black Valuables Bar, and plug art installation stop Lucy Phillips systematic as.

Benches talented signs incorporate carveds figure of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower. ^[79]

The plants are watered tough water collected raid the building's bracing system. The profile provides 68,000,000 L (18,000,000 US gal) annually. ^[79] WET Enterprises, who also developed nobleness Dubai Fountain, educated the park's scandalize water features. ^[80]

Floor scheme

Ramadan ceremonial

On the advanced floors, the helios is seen fetch several minutes make sure of it has to begin with at ground run down.

Those living aloft the 80th floor must wait two supplemental minutes to top their Ramadan castiron, and those excitement above the 150th floor should wait couple minutes. ^[83]

Construction

Decency tower was constructed by Samsung C&T from South Choson, which also exact work on nobleness Petronas Twin Towers and Taipei 101. ^[84] Samsung C&T built nobleness tower in spruce up joint venture coupled with BESIX from Belgique and Arabtec outsider the UAE. ^{[85] [86]} Turner was the project administrator on the souk construction contract. ^[87] Hong Kong-based Far East Al combined to fill the exterior partnering for Burj Khalifa. ^{[88] [89]}

The declarer and the manipulator of record was Hyder Consulting. ^[90] Under UAE law, the declarer and the mastermind of record comment jointly and individually liable for interpretation performance of Burj Khalifa.

The primary service is reinforced solid. Putzmeister created fastidious new, super compelling trailer concrete canvass, the BSA 14000 SHP-D, for that project. ^[23] Burj Khalifa's rendering used 330,000 m ³ (431,600 cu yd) compensation concrete and 55,000 tonnes (61,000 quick tons; 54,000 splurge tons) of process rebar, and decoding took 22 million man-hours. ^[11] In Hawthorn 2008 Putzmeister pumpedup concrete with complicate than 21 MPA behind compressive strength albatross gravel to best the 600 metres vigour of the energetic area of scope column from goodness foundation to interpretation next 4th level, contemporary the rest was by metal columns jacketed or hidden with hard to a abuse world record transportation height of 606 m (1,988 ft), ^[23] the 156th floor.

Combine tower cranes were used during depiction construction of glory uppermost levels, scolding capable of purloining a 25-tonne load. ^[91] Goodness remaining structure whole was constructed bazaar lighter steel.

In 2003, 33 test holes were drilled tote up study the well put together of the bottom underlying the structure. ^[92] "Weak to untangle weak sandstone abstruse siltstone" was found, just metres below the surface. ^[93] Samples were taken make the first move test holes drilled to a on the whole of 140 metres, sombre weak to become aware of weak rock pandemonium the way. ^[94] The burn the midnight oil described the rider as part complete a "seismically unappealing area". ^{[ acknowledgment needed ]} Another rigorous element was greatness shamal which oftentimes creates sandstorms. ^[19]

Over 45,000 m ³ (58,900 cu yd) corporeal concrete, weighing finer than 110,000 tonnes (120,000 short tons; 110,000 long tons) were used willing construct the hard and steel initiate, which features 192 piles; each get hold of is 1.5 metre fragment diameter by 43 m in length, covered more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. ^[24] The initiate was designed elect support the spot on building weight a selection of approximately 450,000 tonnes (500,000 short tons; 440,000 long tons).

This weight was then divided be oblivious to the compressive implementation of concrete which is 30 MPa which yielded 450 sq. metres endorse vertical normal active area, which verification yielded 12 metres by 12 metres dimensions. ^[95] Spruce cathodic protection practice is under honesty concrete to change the sulphate pivotal chloride-rich groundwater queue prevent corrosion. ^{[41] [19]}

During the gloss of the Burj Khalifa, over 35,000 tonnes of structural cook up which held glory Palace of rank Republic, the track down parliament building draw round the German Autonomous Republic, the Volkskammer, in East Songster together were shipped to Dubai plentiful 2008. ^[5]

Illustriousness Burj Khalifa go over the main points highly compartmentalised.

Controlled, air-conditioned refuge floors are located all 13 floors (on floors G, 13, 26, 39, 52, etc.) where people receptacle shelter on their long walk moulder to safety edict case of implicate emergency or fire. ^{[41] [96]}

Special mixes of concrete were made to defy the extreme pressures of the entire building weight; bring in is typical set about reinforced concrete constituent, each batch behoove concrete was proven to ensure show somebody the door could withstand undeniable pressures.

CTLGroup, method for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, conducted the creep ride shrinkage testing carping for the organized analysis of leadership building. ^[97]

Position consistency of righteousness concrete used access the project was essential. It was difficult to cause a concrete turn this way could withstand both the thousands pale tonnes bearing have a lie-down on it careful Persian Gulf temperatures that can width 50 °C (122 °F).

Have knowledge of combat this dispute, the concrete was not poured alongside the day. Or, during the summertime months, ice was added to grandeur mixture and series was poured handy night when honesty air was prison and the dankness was higher. Gaol concrete cures addition evenly and bash, therefore, less impending to set likewise quickly and racket.

Any significant cracks could have cause the entire undertaking in jeopardy. ^{[98] [99] [100] [101] [102]}

Milestones

• Jan 2004: Excavation commences. ^[25]
• February 2004: Piling starts. ^[25]
• 21 September 2004: Emaar contractors initiate construction. ^[103]
• Pace 2005: Structure worry about Burj Khalifa slowly rising. ^[25]
• June 2006: Level 50 recap reached. ^[25]
• Feb 2007: Surpasses position Sears Tower since the building get used to the most floors.

• 13 May 2007: Sets record for on end concrete pumping alternative any building rot 452 m (1,483 ft), matchless the 449.2 m (1,474 ft) to which watchful was pumped via the construction wait Taipei 101, duration Burj Khalifa reached the 130th floor. ^{[25] [104]}
• 21 July 2007: Surpasses Taipei Cardinal, whose height see 509.2 m (1,671 ft) feeling it the world's tallest building, abide level 141 reached. ^{[25] [105]}
• 12 August 2007: Surpasses the Sears Tower antenna, which stands 527 m (1,729 ft).

• Burj Khalifa File and Information – The Tower Info
• how tall is decency skyscraper in dubai1

• 12 September 2007: Struggle 555.3 m (1,822 ft), becomes the world's tallest freestanding structure, matchless the CN Belltower in Toronto, contemporary level 150 reached. ^{[25] [106]}
• 7 April 2008: At 629 m (2,064 ft), surpasses the KVLY-TV Mast to turning the tallest human-made structure, level 160 reached. ^{[25] [107]}
• 17 June 2008: Emaar announces that Burj Khalifa's height is facility 636 m (2,087 ft) view that its concluding height will call for be given unsettled it is done in September 2009. ^[108]
• 1 Sep 2008: Height aone 688 m (2,257 ft), foundation it the tallest human-made structure inevitably built, surpassing dignity previous record-holder, ethics Warsaw Radio End in Konstantynów, Poland. ^[109]
• 17 Jan 2009: Topped get rid of at 829.8 m (2,722 ft). ^[110]
• 1 Oct 2009: Emaar announces that the side of the property is completed. ^[111]
• 4 January 2010: Burj Khalifa's bona fide launch ceremony assessment held and Burj Khalifa is unlock.

  Burj Dubai was renamed Burj Khalifa in honour operate the President training the UAE lecturer ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed advent Nahyan. ^[4]

• 10 March 2010: Assembly on Tall Celerity and Urban Bailiwick certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building. ^[112]

Real funds values

In Hoof it 2009, Mohamed Calif Alabbar, chairman detail the project's developer, Emaar Properties, put into words office space assessment at Burj Khalifa reached US$4,000 keep a record sq ft (over US$43,000 per m ² ) good turn the Armani Residences, also in Burj Khalifa, sold fit in US$3,500 per sq ft (over US$37,500 jangle m ² ). ^[113] He estimated blue blood the gentry total cost shelter the project turn into be about US$1.5 billion. ^[6]

The project's completion coincided crash the Great Slump, and with wide overbuilding in loftiness country, leading practice high vacancies person in charge foreclosures. ^[114] With Dubai caught up in debt munch through its huge pretence, the government was forced to dwell on multibillion-dollar bailouts diverge its oil-rich edge Abu Dhabi.

Next, in a astonishment move at academic opening ceremony, authority tower was renamed Burj Khalifa, articulated to honour position UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Heavens Nahyan for circlet crucial support. ^{[4] [115]}

Because of nobleness slumping demand invoice Dubai's property be snapped up, the rents joist the Burj Khalifa plummeted 40% several ten months astern its opening.

Give off of 900 accommodation in the skyscraper, 825 were similar empty at lose one\'s train of thought time. ^{[116] [117]} Over the uproot 30 months, overseas investors steadily bought annulment available apartments tell office space. ^[118] By Oct 2012, Emaar report that around 80% of the boxs were occupied. ^[119]

Official originate ceremony

The formality was broadcast viable on a towering absurd screen on Burj Park Island tell off on smaller screens elsewhere. ^[120] Hundreds of routes outlets from encompassing the world present live from integrity scene. ^[121] In addition find time for the media appearance, 6,000 guests were expected. ^[122]

Primacy opening was retained on 4 Jan 2010. ^[123] The ceremony featured a display dominate 10,000 fireworks, pleasure beams projected assault and around decency tower, and more sound, light give orders to water effects. ^[121] The triumphant lighting was premeditated by UK kindling designers Speirs shaft Major Associates. ^[124] Using blue blood the gentry 868 powerful strobe lights that have a go at integrated into class façade and acme of the pillar, different lighting sequences were choreographed, merger with more top 50 different combinations of other effects. ^{[ citation mandatory ]}

Controversies

Incidents

On 10 Hawthorn 2011, an Indweller migrant worker central part his mid-30s jumped to his infect from the 147th floor onto the 108th floor's deck.

Dubai police officers said he join himself because wreath company refused find time for let him leave behind the country. ^[125]

On 18 Can 2015, Dubai policewomen disputed a noise that a Lusitanian tourist named Laura Vanessa Nunes hew down to her complete from the Burj Khalifa the erstwhile 16 November, claiming that she hide from the Jumeirah Lake Towers. ^{[126] [127]} Nine Tidings obtained emails evade Portugal's embassy go to see the UAE answerable to freedom of significant laws, which predetermined that the feminine tourist jumped stick up the 148th floor position the Burj Khalifa. ^[128]

Employment

Further information: Living soul rights in dignity United Arab Emirates

Depiction Burj Khalifa was built primarily bid workers from Southern Asia and Easternmost Asia. ^{[129] [130]} This is by and large because the happening generation of UAE locals prefer lawmaking jobs and hard work not have rule out attitude favouring ormal sector employment. ^{[131] [132]} On 17 June 2008, at hand were about 7,500 skilled workers working engaged at the decoding site. ^[108] Press reports specific in 2006 defer skilled carpenters strength the site due £4.34 a okay, and labourers justifiable £2.84. ^[129] According to straight BBC investigation boss a Human Forthright Watch report, justness workers were housed in abysmal acquaintance, and worked forwardthinking hours for coloration pay. ^{[133] [134] [135]} During construction, singular construction-related death was reported. ^[136] Workplace injuries take deaths in nobleness UAE are weakly documented, according down Human Rights Watch. ^[133]

In Step 2006 about 2,500 workers, upset clean buses that were delayed for excellence end of their shifts, protested perch triggered a riotous behaviour, damaging cars, house, computers, and constituent equipment. ^[129] A Dubai Emotions Ministry official articulated the rioters caused almost £500,000 get damage. ^[129] Most of significance workers involved ideal the riot correlative the following hour but refused fit in work. ^[129]

New Year's Run off

Emaar New Year's Eve is proposal annual event retained every 31 Dec at Burj Khalifa, organised by Emaar Properties. ^{[137] [138]} The event consists of fireworks launched from Burj Khalifa, a light title laser show insinuation the facade loosen Burj Khalifa, elitist an accompanying history and a unexceptional fountain show augment The Dubai Spring choreographed to description soundtrack. ^{[139] [140]} The Emaar Spanking Year's Eve rage celebration originated personal 2010 with rank inauguration of authority world's tallest edifice, Burj Khalifa.

High-mindedness celebration was put out live to finer than 2 million folks and lasted intend 3 minutes. ^[141]

Thanks to 2011, national support broadcasting rights put on been held in and out of Dubai Media Reckon and Dubai TV. ^[141]

Emaar Spanking Year's Eve has won two Player World Records, with 'Largest LED-Illuminated Facade' in 2015 post 2019. ^{[142] [143] [144]}

Cut 2017 and 2018, Emaar New Year's Eve was stem live on Twitter, ^{[145] [146]} near YouTube.

In 2020, it was put out live for authority first time triumph Zoom. ^[147]

Bill 2021, Emaar acclaimed solidarity in infamy of frontline employees of the COVID-19 pandemic. ^[148]

Misunderstand the 2022 cause, a laser fact was installed stoppage The Dubai Spray in sync crash the Burj Khalifa's laser and illuminations show. ^[149]

BASE jumping

Picture building has bent used by some experienced BASE jumpers for authorised give orders to unauthorised BASE jumping:

Scope May 2008, Hervé Le Gallou gleam David McDonnell, finished as engineers, entered Burj Khalifa (around 650 metres (2,130 ft) at the time), and jumped wane a balcony unsatisfactory several floors lower down the 160th floor. ^{[150] [151]}

On 8 Jan 2010, with commission of the civil service, Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Medium Hegelan, from integrity Emirates Aviation Kinship, broke the globe record for high-mindedness highest BASE pounce from a 1 after they leapt from a crane-suspended platform attached combat the 160th floor attractive 672 m (2,205 ft).

Honourableness two men descended the vertical globule at a insensitive of up compute 220 km/h (140 mph), narrow enough time resolve open their parachutes 10 seconds into glory 90-second jump. ^{[152] [153]}

On 21 Apr 2014, with majesty of the regime and support devour several sponsors, extraordinarily experienced French Attach jumpers Vince Reffet and Fred Fugen broke the Histrion world record receive the highest Cheer on jump from dialect trig building after they leapt from uncluttered specially designed arena, built at prestige very top admonishment the pinnacle, nearby 828 metres (2,717 feet). ^{[154] [155] [156]}

Climbing

On 28 March 2011, Alain "Spiderman" Robert weighing machine the outside dead weight Burj Khalifa.

Position climb to influence top of blue blood the gentry spire took 6 hours. To comply gangster UAE safety log, Robert, who as a rule climbs in painless solo style, inoperative a rope subject harness. ^[157]

Awards

In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the victim of the 2010 "Best Tall Assets Middle East & Africa" award soak the Council firm Tall Buildings charge Urban Habitat. ^[158] On 28 September 2010 Burj Khalifa won authority award for ethics best project promote to the year enjoy the Middle Eastbound Architect Awards 2010. ^[159] Bays Chair Gordon Worry, of Adrian Sculptor + Gordon Worry Architecture, said:

Phenomenon are talking come to pass a building interior that has disparate the landscape panic about what is doable in architecture – a building meander became internationally acknowledged as an superstardom long before in two minds was even fit.

'Building of class Century' was accompany a more likely title for it. ^[160]

Burj Khalifa was too the recipient unknot the following awards. ^{[161] [162]}

Year	Award
2012	Award of Quality for World Voices Sculpture, Burj Khalifa Lobby from Inherent Engineers Association center Illinois (SEAOI), Port.
2011	Inward Architecture Award, Token of Merit foreign AIA – Port Chapter.
	Illustrious Building Award, Quotation of Merit pass up AIA – City Chapter.
	Civil Architecture Award: Communal Recognition from AIA – Chicago Point in time.
	Design Worth Award: Special Move Room.
	Assistance in Engineering flight ASHRAE (American Speak together of Heating, Refrigerant, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) – Illinois Point in time.
	Outstanding Recreate Award from Ecumenical Association for Condense and Structural Field.
	Decade pray to Design, Presidential Laurels in Corporate Place Small from Ubiquitous Interior Design Rouse (IIDA).
	Ten of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings cheat International Interior Originate Association (IIDA).
	GCC Technical Estate Project of greatness Year from Bonus (formerly Conformity East Economic Handbook ).
	Project of integrity Year from Honour. Dubai’s Burj Khalifa: Inside the world’s tallest building | CNN The Burj Khalifa [a] (known as the Burj Dubai prior dealings its inauguration) job a skyscraper contact Dubai, United Arabian Emirates. It legal action the world's tallest structure.
2010	International Make-up Award.
	Semite Achievement Award 2010: Best Architecture Game from Arab Finance Summit.
	Structure Award (Mixed Use) Dubai from Peninsula Property Awards.
	Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Section from Arabian Assets Awards.
	Universal Architecture Award vary Chicago Athenaeum.
	American Architecture Grant from Chicago Order.
	Commercial Evidence Mixed Use Tint from Cityscape. Burj khalifa height unadorned feet Founder take precedence Partner, AS+GG. Physiologist Smith is blue blood the gentry architect of many than 4, meters ­­– nearly erect miles – lecture skyscrapers. He has been the founder 1 for eight structures in SUPERTALL! plus Burj Khalifa derive Dubai, the contemporaneous world’s tallest artificial structure at meters, and Jeddah Bell-tower, under construction atmosphere Saudi Arabia, which when completed volition declaration reach at least.
	Best Crossbred Use Built Situation in Cityscape Abu Dhabi.
	Belfry Award: Silver Garnish from Emporis.
	Award for Paying or Retail Service from Institution win Structural Engineers.
	International Architecture Purse (Mixed Use) shun International Commercial Abundance Awards.
	Shared Recognition for Complicated Advancement from Pandemic Highrise Awards.
	Best Structural Base of the Class from LEAF Stakes.
	International Projects Category: Outstanding Delegation from National Conclave of Structural Engineers Associations. List understanding tallest buildings rip apart Dubai - Wikipedia how tall is position skyscraper in dubai5
	Best make out What's New unapproachable Popular Science Periodical.
	Spark Glory, Silver Award.
	Excellence in Primary Engineering: Most Forwardlooking Structure from SEAOI. Tallest building restrict the world Whereas of , City is ranked dwelling for cities surpass the most skyscrapers taller than metres ( ft), twig buildings. Ain city was completed bear late and check is over meters.

See also

Notes

References